As a broad based industry association, our mission is to advocate and promote, for the benefit of the public, the use of all environmentally responsible, cooling technologies, such as wet cooling towers, aircooled condensers, dry coolers, indirect cooling, and hybrid systems, by encouraging. However, cti makes no warranty of fitness for particular purpose or. Stick to a regular maintenance schedule to reduce the risk of legionella and prevent premature failure, recommends dan glover, technical services group manager for southland industries, a national mechanical engineering, construction, and service firm. Best management practice and guidance manual for cooling towers prepared by jea for the control of pollutants discharged to the sanitary collection system. The cti service includes cti code tower standard specifications, the cti manual and cooling tower performance curves. An important development regarding these calculations and many others for cooling towers comes from the cooling technology institute cti. Pdhonline course m121 4 pdh cooling water systems an overview of cooling towers 2012 instructor. In particular, we want to make sure that we are respectful of your data protection preferences, and that you understand your data privacy rights. Every chapter in the book that deals with prevention gives. Cooling tower maintenance is more than simply biological monitoring, a maintenance plan also has to address other issues such as the condition of the equipment, condition of the mist eliminator, general corrosion, conductivity, sedimentation, control mechanisms, etc. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wetbulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near. Cdc procedure for cleaning towers infected with legionella procedure for cleaning cooling towers and related equipment adapted from the emergency protocol in control of legionella spp. Typical applications include cooling tower fan drives, paper machinery, printing press, pumps and compressors.
Those theories are briefly described in this guideline to provide the basic understanding of its calculation. Cticooling tower institute ihs markit standards store. Cooling tower basin sump design chemical plant design. In the report the theory of heat exchange i n wet cooling towers is. Ihs markit is your source for cti standards and publications. Some additional calculation such as water makeup, fan and. Consequently, spare cooling water pumps should be provided and their drivers either electric or steam should be very reliable.
The cti service includes cti code tower standard specifications, the cti manual and cooling. Test coolingsystem water at the following intervals to. Cooling water systems an overview of cooling towers. Morrison 35, 36 baltimore aircoil company george r. A simple model to help understand water use at power plants anna delgado and howard j. Consensus indicates substantial agreement, but not necessarily unanimity. Failure to follow the guidelines provided in this manual may result in poor performance, unnecessary equipment failure. Institute of environmental epidemiology, ministry of the environment, in consultation. It may be used by anyone desiring to do so, and efforts have been made by cti to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained herein. Cooling technology is a broad industry association, our mission is to advocate and promote, for the benefit of the public, the use of all environmentally responsible cooling technologies such as wet cooling towers, aircooled condensers, dry coolers, indirect cooling, and hybrid systems. Wood deterioration can shorten the life of a cooling tower from an anticipated 2025 years to 10 years or less. Drift eliminators are installed to prevent water entrained in the air from leaving the system. This manual is not intended to be allencompassing and thoroughly definitive.
The industrial cooling tower by brooke, k k mckelvey and maxey and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. With the advent of the computer age the cooling tower institute published the blue book entitled cooling tower performance curves in 1967. The air flows up, counter to the cascading water flowing through the fill. The water consumption rate of a cooling tower system is only about 5% of that of a oncethrough system, making it the least expensive system to. Pdf this paper provides an analysis of induced draft cooling tower ct performances. Cooling tower maintenance program and plan template.
Rexnord addax coupling shaft for cooling tower, cooling. Manual spraying of cooling tower wood with pneumatic. Ashrae handbook hvac systems and equipment ip edition. We are committed to ensuring that the individuals whose details we hold understand our privacy practices. Cooling towers clicking on a companys name will take you to their web site. Cooling tower institute, which also operates under the name cooling technology institute, is located in houston, texas.
Defining cooling towers a cooling tower is a unit that recirculates water to make the inside of a building cooler. Understanding the basics of cooling tower heat transfer. A concentrated antifungal with the appropriate epa enduse registration is applied directly to the wood with spraying equipment handled by an experienced operator or team of operators. Cti publications manual cooling technology institute. Cooling tower sizing can simply be done by graphical methods. Chapter 8 cooling towers system shutdown and startup. Cooling towers overcome most of these problems and therefore are commonly used to dissipate heat from watercooled refrigera tion, airconditioning, and industrial process systems. Historically, hydraulic institute standards have been divided into 1series standards covering centrifugal pumps and 2series standards covering vertical pumps. This book is somewhat of a classic in the industry. Cooling technology institute is an independent organization which is well recognized around the world and most global cooling tower manufacturers have their cooling tower ratings verified and confirmed by cti as. Failure to follow the guidelines provided in this manual may result in poor performance, unnecessary equipment failure and down time. Gandhi institute of engineering and technology, gunupur, rayagada, odisha, india abstract. Two manual shutoff switches for fans should be installed at the cooling tower, one at grade and one at the top deck. Liang chi is a leading cooling tower manufacturer in the world, with 50 years experiences in the cooling tower industry, our cooling tower products are widely used in the industries and received high reputation.
Cooling tower process is generally related with vapor pressure of water and humidity. Pdf performance enhancement of cooling towers in thermal. Questions from the floor at our annual conference and answered by a leading panel of experts within the cooling tower industry. Apr 16, 20 where can i find the cooling tower institute blue book soft copy hey im doing a university project on cooling towers.
Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach. Coolin tawer costs from operating data, calculation and shortcut handbook 907x, mcgrawhill book co. Scale, in addition to causing physical blockage of piping, equipment, and the cooling tower, also reduces heat transfer and increases the energy use. Ihs markit is your source for naima standards and publications. Related commercial resources ashrae handbook hvac systems and equipment chapter. Percentages required for achieving consensus are given where appropriate. Using the information given on the pages that follow will explain how to use these costs and suggest procedures to follow when compiling. Performance ratings and materials of construction are in accordance with the cooling tower institute cti standards and specifications.
The present paper is a detailed methodology for thermal design of cooling tower. This cooling technology institute cti publication is published as an aid to cooling tower purchasers and designers. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination of. Best management practice and guidance manual for cooling. Cti, cooling tower performance curves, the cooling tower institute. Makeup water means water added to the cooling tower system on a regular basis to replace water lost. Cooling tower bureau of energy efficiency 5 syllabus cooling tower. Herzog working paper massachusetts institute of technology energy initiative 77 massachusetts avenue cambridge, ma 029. Cooling towers should be located away from process equipment and furnaces. Naima is a trade association of north american manufacturers of fiber glass, rock wool, and slag wool insulation products. Department of energy idaho operations office idaho national engineering laboratory this is an informal report intended for use as a preliminaryor working document work supported by the u. Baltimore aircoil is the leading global manufacturer of cooling towers, closed circuit cooling towers, evaporative condensers, and ice thermal storage systems. Document operation and maintenance in a log or maintenance records book.
Cooling tower institute performance curves bookcti blue book. The purpose of the cti manual is to bring together into a common place, comprehensive information pertaining to cooling towers and other types of equipment. Evaporative cooling design guidelines manual iv this report by nrg engineering is funded by the new mexico energy minerals and natural resources department, 1220. Naimanorth american insulation manufacturers association. Cooling technology institute encouraging the wise use of our water resources. In this article we will limit ourselves to packaged type of cooling towers and not field erected cooling towers. Principles and practice, third edition, aims to provide the reader with a better understanding of the theory and practice, so that installations are correctly designed and operated. Basic concepts of cooling tower operation, cooling tower manual, cooling tower institute, houston, texas 77037, january 1977. The technical data is taken for mechanical draft cooling tower. Wood continues to be widely used for the construction of cooling towers. Seismic design requirements for cooling towers 2012 cti educational session ahr expo ac wc systems 2012 cti educational session ahr expo energy water nexus 20 cti educational session ahr expo ac wc systems. The term induced draft denotes that air is drawn by fans through the flow of falling water and up and out of the cooling tower.
Std114 standard specifications for the design of cooling tower structures with douglas fir lumber. Closed circuit systems differ in that the return fluid often water, or sometimes water mixed with glycol circulates through the tower structure in a coil, while cooling tower water recirculates only in the tower. Types and performance evaluation, efficient system operation, flow control strategies and energy saving opportunities, assessment of cooling towers 7. Where can i find the cooling tower institute blue book soft. The major concern during i study the cooling tower theory was how to computerize the cooling tower theory from the calculation of ntu to the cooling tower performance analysis. Part i outlines the steps necessary to improve cooling tower operations including a simple checklist for easy reference. This water is often discharged to the sanitary sewer system. Department of energy assistant secretary for resource.
A simplified method to evaluate cooling tower and con. American institute of chemical engineers, american. Where a cooling tower is out of use for more than five days, it shall. This part of the energy efficiency manual presents energy conservation measures for heat rejection equipment, including crossflow cooling towers, upflow. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to. Costs in this manual will apply within a few percent on a wide variety of projects. Dlindau operating manual page 4 of 20 the cooling tower casing and the water basin are made of strong corrosionproof fibreglass. Pdf for the majority of cooling towers installed, of which there are. Cooling technology institute cti is a not for profit technical. Manufacturers of cooling towers and air coolers, suppliers to the manufacturers and users, and owneroperators.
Foreword this cooling technology institute cti publication is published as an aid to cooling tower purchasers and designers. Cooling tower resources, training and seminar informationcthx. Select, configure, price and quote engineered pumps or systems for industrial, municipal or commercial building. Closed circuit systems differ in that the return fluid often water, or sometimes water mixed with glycol circulates through the tower structure in a coil, while cooling tower water recirculates only in.
Pdf advanced cooling tower concept for commercial and. Where can i find the cooling tower institute blue book. Packaged type cooling towers generally go from 100 up to 1200 tons capacity per single cell. Cooling tower failure or loss of cooling water flow can lead to emergency shutdowns and the potential for hydrocarbon leaks and fires. Cooling tower basics and common misconceptions introduction in comparison with most other industrial equipments, the water cooling tower is a simple device, based on the direct contact of two of the earths most common substances. Keeping your cooling tower in good shape requires more than just the annual inspection before startup. Cooling tower efficiency guide property managers improving cooling tower operations how to use this guide this guide is structured in two parts. Manual spraying of cooling tower wood with pneumatic assist similar to spray painting can be an effective method of treating cooling tower wood.
Cooling tower pumps are notorious for caviation and operating problems based on a bad sump design. For purposes of this discussion, we will focus on the most common industrial cooling tower, as illustrated below. A simple model to help understand water use at power plants. Cooling towers and cooling tower connections 2 steel piping systems carbon steel, schedule 40 with. The cooling tower institute published certain curves cooling tower characteristic curves that i need on the cooling tower institute blue book. It may be used by anyone desiring to do so, and efforts have been made by cti to. Cooling tower institute in houston, tx 281 5834087 profile. As this occurs, a small volume of water is evaporated, reducing the temperature of the water being circulated through the tower. Providing proper installation, maintenance and operation of the series tci cooling tower is the owners responsibility, and is required for safe and efficient operation. A cooling tower is a specialized heat exchanger in which air and water are brought into direct contact with each other in order to reduce the waters temperature.
As noted in the names of the standards, the old centrifugal and vertical pumps are grouped under the name rotodynamic, which is an improvement in the accuracy of the. Operation, cooling tower manual, cooling tower institute, houston. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. The fill material in the tower should be noncombustible. Honeywell gray manual a field perspective on engineering. If you read this book carefully, you can make any cooling tower design programs by yourself. It got its name from the gray color of the cover of the hard copy version.
Cooling towers are often part of a buildings heating, ventilation and air conditioning hvac system. Viewing pdf formatted files pdf files are viewable by using acrobat reader. In the case of the cooling tower company tctc cooling towers, this transfer of heat is accomplished by forceddraft fans blowing ambient air through the heat transfer media known as fill. This manual is not intended to be all encompassing and thoroughly definitive. This organization primarily operates in the research institute business industry within the engineering, accounting, research, and management services sector. Cooling water problems and solutions ced engineering. Manufacturors and users of cooling towers have very diverse. Mar 24, 2000 a software version of the cti blueblook of cooling tower performance curves is available.